12/16/2023 0 Comments Antibody repertoire gestation![]() ![]() ![]() 16, adult individuals were seropositive for 5–10 different viruses 16 a similar result was found for the parents in our birth cohort (Fig. We applied this method to 78 mother–child dyads from a recently reported birth cohort at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm 17, with samples collected at birth (cord blood) and weeks 1, 4, and 12 after birth (Fig. This is done by ignoring hits that share a subsequence of at least seven amino acids with any other enriched hit found in the same sample. Besides removing hits occurring as a consequence of unspecific binding to beads only, it is also important to identify cross-reactive antibodies. VirScore is incremented by 1 when a hit is enriched in the ‘output’ compared with the ‘input’ ( Methods). VirScore is the output given by VirScan and corresponds to the number of peptide hits that do not share epitopes. Immunoprecipitated bacteriophages then undergo lysis and are sequenced to identify the IgG-targeted epitopes (Fig. This method works by incubating plasma samples normalized to total IgG concentration with the phage library to form IgG-phage immunocomplexes, which are captured by magnetic beads. To gain a deeper insight into the repertoire of maternal antibodies actively transferred to newborn children during pregnancy, we took advantage of a recently developed viral epitope scanning method (VirScan) 16, where bacteriophages present 56-amino-acid-long linear peptides that overlap by 28 amino acids to collectively encompass the entire genomes of 1,276 viral strains from 206 viral species known to infect human cells (Fig. Newborn children cannot produce IgG antibodies immediately after birth instead, they rely on passive immunity from maternal IgG 15. Such individuals also often suffer from inflammatory conditions and autoimmunity, illustrating the immunomodulatory roles played by IgG antibodies 14. These findings have implications for understanding infectious disease susceptibility, vaccine development, and vaccine scheduling in newborn children.Īntibodies provide important protection against infectious diseases individuals with inborn errors of immunity involving IgG production typically present with severe infections early in life 13. Neutralization of the clinically important respiratory syncytial virus (RS-virus) was also comparable until three months of age. We find that extremely preterm children receive comparable repertoires of IgG as term children, albeit at lower absolute concentrations and consequent shorter half-life. ![]() Here, we assess antibodies against 93,904 epitopes from 206 viruses in 32 preterm and 46 term mother–child dyads. Antibodies to individual viruses have been reported 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, but the global repertoire of maternal IgG, its variation in children, and the epitopes targeted are poorly understood. The concentration of IgG increases sharply during the third trimester of gestation and children delivered extremely preterm are believed to largely lack this passive immunity 1, 2, 4. However, maternal IgG can also negatively interfere with newborn vaccine responses 3. All circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in human newborns are of maternal origin 1 and transferred across the placenta to provide passive immunity until newborn IgG production takes over 15 weeks after birth 2. ![]()
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